Time Division Duplex Wireless is a fundamental technology for 5G deployments around the world. The key difference between Kanban and Scrum is that Kanban is continuous, while Scrum is iterative. It mentions TDD advantages, TDD disadvantages,. Once that is done. These topologies are widely used in wireless communication systems such as WLAN, Fixed and Mobile WiMax, 4G LTE, 5G NR and. FDD Aggregating TDD to Enhance Capacity: FAST deepens FDD and TDD spectrum aggregation capability by maximizing the number of data streams in both downlink and uplink. 11-a,11-b,11-g and 11-n OFDM vs OFDMA CDMA vs GSM. 11-a,11-b,11-g and 11-n OFDM vs OFDMA CDMA vs GSM. FDD cenderung lebih stabil dan dapat menangani volume data yang lebih besar, sementara TDD lebih fleksibel dan dapat beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang lebih cepat dalam penggunaan jaringan. Log in to reply. There are a couple of methods of doing this, called FDD and TDD. In order to make the test cases the developer must understand the features and requirements using user stories and use cases. Advantages and Disadvantages of TDD and FDD. Mobile networks take advantage of two similar, but different, forms of duplexing to send and receive data quickly and efficiently. BDD is a technique to see that process through, as is ATDD. FDMA only requires the guard bands between adjacent channels, whereas TDMA requires the guard time of the adjacent slots. 1,410. Domain Drive Design focuses on understanding the domain (business logic) and Test Driven Design is is an iterative process of writing code for a testing perspective. Experimental evolution. g. 2. What is Difference between. In general, FDD is considered better for coverage and TDD better for capacity Mobile operators are looking to carrier aggregation (CA), which allows them to use multiple sub-6 GHz spectrum channels simultaneously, as a method of increasing the bandwidth and speeds of their 5G networks. Both technologies use time division to partition the available bandwidth. Next, you will learn about TDDs and the information commonly included in a TDD. 11 standards viz. Participants. Figure 1. More recently, China has also reallocated bands B1 and B3 to be used for its 4G LTE. The proposal is to adopt the 2496MHz-to-2690MHz frequency band in the US for TD-LTE. FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) is a technique in mobile networks that uses separate frequency bands for uplink and downlink communication; TDD (Time Division Duplex) is a technique that uses the same frequency band for uplink and downlink but only communicates in one direction at a time. I've seen TDD/BDD/ATDD used interchangeably with Scrum/Kanban/Agile, so the confusion is understandable. Here are the 5 main differences between TDD and BDD: TDD is implemented by Developers and BDD is implemented through collaboration between cross functional members of the team. you just need to expend a little effort to research. Bteup Elex 6th Semester | eup online exam 2021. Main Differences Between FDD LTE Networks vs TDD LTE Networks. TI E2E™ forums with technical support from TI engineers. Follow • 41 likes •. RF and Wireless TerminologiesProgrammers can write unit and functional tests using frameworks. This paper describes the LTE technology in detail and highlights any differences between LTE TDD and LTE FDD technology. TDD is a development technique that focuses more on the implementation of a feature. These so-called. TDD, specifically the importance of FDD as a key element in network performance. To begin with, TDD and FDD are two slightly different duplexing modes of the same LTE standard. What You’re Testing. Next, the user shares its uplink transmission (downlink reception) on the corresponding frequency band with the uplink transmission or the downlink reception of another user in a D-TDD fashion. While descriptions are simple and straightforward, the actual code might be complex. Summary for the methodologist: TDD is a design technique for programmers based on unit test first. LTE uses both of these flavors to provide facility for the mobile subscribers or UEs to utilize the scarse resource efficiently based on the need. Although FDD is considered the best strategy in principle for mobile networks, LTE/4G already has some bands for TDD, and its usage is expected to increase on 5G. 1 GHz to 7. The differences between FDD and TDD are purely technical and the main one boils down to the fact that FDD is symmetrical (1:1 upload vs download), while TDD allows variable up / down ratio. e. BDD is a specification technique based on user stories and test scenarios. Both FDD and TDD are two spectrum usage techniques, both forms of. Thanks. KTH Royal Institute of Technology. TDD provides quasi-simultaneous bidirectional flow of information. The paging occasion (subframe) location is different in FDD versus TDD . difference between FDM and OFDM Difference between SC-FDMA and OFDM Difference between SISO and MIMO Difference between TDD and FDD Difference between 802. 0%DDDSU is the frame structure most suitable in 5G. Difference of TDD and FDD. The difference between FDD and TDD in Microwave Transmission Microwave ODU with Antenna using FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) Microwave links typically use Frequency-division duplexing (FDD) which is a method for establishing a full-duplex communications link that uses two different radio frequencies for transmitter and. In this approach, we first convert software requirements into unit test cases (a set of actions that verify a specific feature or functionality) before developing the software. * In TDD, both the transmitter and receiver operate on the same frequency but at different times. WiMax rel 1: 802. It is a means of communication using one frequency to send and receive information. There are various bandwidths supported in LTE. Parameter. While these philosophies all imbibe the classic agile principles of an incremental and iterative mindset to software development, they subtly differ from each other. FDD-LTE sử dụng các dải tần riêng biệt để truyền dữ liệu đường lên và đường xuống, trong khi TDD-LTE sử dụng cùng một dải tần với các. The speeds of mobile networks are monitored by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). If LTE goes down to 1. In contrast, FDD, or Frequency. In frequency-division duplexing (FDD), two disjoint frequency. ST-Ericsson (M700/M710. g. In this mode, we are not using VCO calibration since it is started in FDD mode and it automatically calibrates VCO. As we know TDD stands for Time Division Duplex and FDD stands for Frequency Division Duplex. 2 Time division duplexing (TDD) TDD allows uplink and downlink to use the entire frequency spectrum, but in different time slots. Hi! you. Report. In frequency-division duplexing (FDD), two disjoint bands of frequency are provided to users. The support for both TDD, half and full-duplex FDD is handled by two very similar frame structures: frame structure type 1 for half and full-duplex FDD and frame structure type 2 for TDD. Basically, TDD is a general term that refers to a process. So the UEs could support both of TD-LTE and FDD-LTE with only one chipset, which can come true based on only minor modifications. BDD directs focus on behaviour and specification, and so. [1] ^ Frequency-division duplexing (FDD); time-division duplexing (TDD); FDD supplemental downlink (SDL) ^ User Equipment transmit; Base Station receive ^ User. The key difference between LTE TDD, sometimes also known as TD-LTE, and the frequency division duplex (FDD) version more common today is in what spectrum the technology is deployed in. ITU Option 2: Paired spectrum only, with the uplink portion of some pairs in another undetermined band. Then, it is switched from FDD to TDD with below configuration. ATDD. An NR FDD cell has been established. As we know FDD and TDD are popular duplexing techniques often used with multiple access schemes such as FDMA and TDMA. The slot is of 0. . You can also create a combined design document (FDD/TDD) for the entire solution. Factors such as the project's size, complexity, domain, and lifecycle; the stakeholders. FDD is a development methodology based on object model, feature list, dynamic feature teams, and milestones. Single-layer beamforming; mandatory for TDD and optional for FDD 8 Same as TM7 but for dual layers. Finally, TDD requires more technical knowledge, while BDD aims to make it easier for less technical. The packages are separated by a small amount of time. ATDD is TDD. FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) separates uplink and downlink and has seamless interoperability with TDD. FDD needs two bands while TDD needs only one. But similar to America's different, incompatible GSM and CDMA phone systems, there are two different. It is same as TDD. 3 Hong Kong also used terminals equipped with Qualcomm's Snapdragon X12 LTE processor. Disadvantages with TDD. For example, I read TDD MODE FASTER LOCK TIMES part (page 19 in UG-570) but as per my understanding, this section is for frequency hopping. In this first process, FDD pushes teams to build an object model of the domain problem. The greater likelihood is that a single UE or mobile will need to detect whether a TDD or FDD. 11-a,11-b,11-g and 11-n OFDM vs OFDMA CDMA vs GSM. ATDD focuses on system tests. With traditional testing, a successful test finds one or more defects. Difference between Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) in Wireless Communication: 1. Frequency range in which 5G NR operates are categories into following two designations. BDD involves asking what the purpose of a feature or application is, writing the acceptance. solution requires co-site deployment of NR TDD and NR FDD base stations [7]. TDD Process. Furthermore, the TDD mode, also known as TD-LTE, is designed with coexistence between LTE (TDD) and TD-SCDMA in mind to simplify a gradual migration from TD-SCDMA to LTE. FDD Independent Mode Controls:Practically,the key factor of the coverage difference between FDD and TDD is frequency distribution in 3GPP standard. support of extreme physical properties, e. Test-Driven Development (TDD), Domain-Driven Design (DDD), Behavior-Driven Design (BDD) and Feature-Driven Design (FDD) are some of the more well known approaches. Running Test Cases:. TDD directs focus on testing. Bukan hanya itu, ketersediaan smartphone yang mendukung layanan ini dengan harga. channel coding. Frequency bands for 5G New Radio (5G NR), which is the air interface or radio access technology of the 5G mobile networks, are separated into two different frequency ranges. TDD is commonly used in applications that require symmetrical data transmission, such as video conferencing and streaming, where there is a need for an equal amount of upstream and downstream. For accurate state reporting and keeping track of the software development project, milestones that mark the progress made on each feature are defined. It’s all same actually. Pure-GUI Project: A project based on GUI is not advised to be started with the TDD approach. The difference is that a device uses two frequencies, one for communications to, and the other for communications from the network, in FDD mode, versus using only one frequency in TDD mode. to most industry followers, LTE FDD and LTE TDD share a common core network with abso-lutely no distinction between the two duplexing modes of LTE. TDD involves intentionally writing a failing test, writing the minimum amount of application code that allows the test to pass, and running the test again to ensure it passes. 11. eNodeB weights two separate layers at the antenna so beamforming can be combined with spatial multiplexing for one or more UEs Ports 7 and 8 (virtual ports) Dual-layer beamforming, SU-MIMO or MU-MIMO; mandatory for TDD; optional for FDD 9 Eight. FDD significa duplexación por división de frecuencia y TDD significa duplexación por división de tiempo. What is Difference between. TDD, or Time Division Duplex, where a single radio channel is used to send and receive data, has been a common technique employed in unlicensed microwave transmission bands, such as 2. 11-a,11-b,11-g and 11-n OFDM vs OFDMA CDMA vs GSM. BDD is usually done in very English-like. . Trace (A) represents the case with the shortest SCS (75 Khz) and Trace (D. The ability to read your tests like a sentence is a cognitive shift in how you will think about your tests. Summary: 1. The result of using this practice is a. In particular, an interlaced FDD (IFDD) scheme is considered due to both its simplicity and low pilot overhead. It’s clear that we’ll need to use both Sub-6 and mmWave together eventually. FDD-LTE (Frequency Division Duplex) a TDD-LTE (Time Division Duplex) jsou dvě různé metody implementace bezdrátové komunikační technologie LTE (Long-Term Evolution). China Telecom and China Unicom applied for the third batch of TDD/FDD hybrid networking. Test-driven development, or TDD for short, is a software development process. One is FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and the other one is TDD(Time Division Duplex) as illustrated above. Here's my take on the differences: Waterfall is a software development methodology where each kind of development activity happens in a separate phase (requirements gathering, design, development, testing. 1-1: Definition of frequency ranges. AD9361 FDD TDD Mode Switching. 1. BDDs are written in. The different 4G LTE frequency allocations or LTE frequency bands are allocated numbers. FDD, so the overall power levels. One is what we usually call (sub 6 Ghz) and the other is what we usually call millimeter wave. In FDD operation, two different carrier frequencies are used for DL and UL. Choose this topic, I am looking for scold. TDMA stands for Time Division Multiple Access. TDD is a software development technique which develops the test cases before the software is fully developed and make necessary updates based on test results. TDD increases the initial cost of the project which is compensated only if the project is being maintained for a long. 11-a,11-b,11-g and 11-n OFDM vs OFDMA CDMA vs GSM Bluetooth vs zigbee Fixed wimax vs mobile wibro vs mobile wimax. In TDD topology, same frequency is used for both uplink and downlink directions but they use different time slots for transmissions. In the figure on the right, the meta-process. The difference between FDD and TDD in Microwave Transmission Microwave ODU with Antenna using FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) Microwave links typically use Frequency-division duplexing (FDD) which is a method for establishing a full-duplex communications link that uses two different radio frequencies for transmitter and receiver operation. TDD. 3 Answers. Following 3G, 4G is the fourth-generation of mobile data technology. There are two types of LTE Frequency Bands FDD and TDD. FR2: Frequency range is from 24250 to 52600 MHz. id – Penerapan layanan 4G LTE di Indonesia saat ini sudah cukup besar penyebarannya. e. Test-Driven Designing and building tests for each single function of an application is the first. Aug 29, 2013. But there are many key differences between these standards, and below are some of the prominent ones. it is designed for high speed human data connection, and high speed human data connection favors downlink. Build fast 5G LTE Networks. TDD is the abbreviated term for Test-Driven Development. Using the AD9361 RF Agile Transceiver™ in TDD (Time Division Duplex) mode, the user has multiple solutions to control the time period of the receive and transmit bursts. What is Test-driven development (TDD) Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development process that relies on the repetition of a short development cycle: requirements turn into very specific test cases. So, it is very important to understand the slot structure and other details about slot-based scheduling etc. Additionally, NR supports transmission based on mini-slot (a fraction of a slot) as a minimum scheduling unit. TDD focuses on lower levels - unit and perhaps integration tests. In 3G, FDD based implementation is called WCDMA and TDD based implementation is called TDSCDMA. : ATDD is very similar to BDD (Behavior-driven development). In fact, any technology or people will not be born mature, always after some experience will mature. FDD stands for Frequency Division Duplex, each FDD-LTE bands consist of a pair of frequencies, one for the uplink and another for the downlink. However, it is limited in capacity. Both frames are equivalent in terms of throughput and coverage, however the main drawback of using DDDDDDDSUU is having an impact on latency which will be higher. To understand TDD and FDD, we have started with,Hal. Tdd Versus Fdd. The contiguous coverage of 5G networks can be ensured with FDD and TDD co-sited. 125 GHz) band of frequencies are used for carrying most of the. The entire methodology of TDD focuses on a straightforward 6-step process: Writing Test Case: As per requirements, a test case with complete automation is put forward. Definition and Differences between TDD and FDD,duplex mode, speed rate,coverage and the movement speed of mobile station. Projects that do not require involvement of end users such as server, API, etc. difference between FDM and OFDM Difference between SC-FDMA and OFDM Difference between SISO and MIMO Difference between TDD and FDD Difference between 802. On the other hand, CDMA requires both guard time and guard bands. It ensures that your source code is thoroughly tested at confirmatory level. 11 standards viz. There are mainly two types of test-driven development – one being ATDD (Acceptance TDD) and the other being DTDD (Developer TDD). There are two sorts of frequencies: uplinks and downlinks. difference between FDM and OFDM Difference between SC-FDMA and OFDM Difference between SISO and MIMO Difference between TDD and FDD Difference between 802. For unpaired spectrum(TDD),In the case of differences between FDD and TDD, these differences will be explicitly indicated. Time Division Duplex (TDD) accomplishes this using different time slots for uplink and downlink signals over the same frequency. TDD (Time Division Duplex) signifie le duplex par répartition dans le temps et FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) signifie duplex par répartition en fréquence. difference between FDM and OFDM Difference between SC-FDMA and OFDM Difference between SISO and MIMO Difference between TDD and FDD Difference between 802. What’s the Difference between TDD and FDD Since 4G Technology is becoming more and more known, most people may know TDD or FDD, but may not. TDMA, on the other hand, is a multiplexing technology. 3. It is same as TDD. 2. FDD/TDD: Basic difference FDD is implemented on a paired spectrum where downlink and uplink transmissions are sent on separate frequencies. 2. difference between FDM and OFDM Difference between SC-FDMA and OFDM Difference between SISO and MIMO Difference between TDD and FDD Difference between 802. That's why you should use both TDD and BDD. * In TDD, both the transmitter and receiver operate on the same frequency but at different times. Frequency division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems introduce a large overhead in downlink channel estimation in contrast to the time division duplex (TDD) mode. The slot is of 0. Don’t Get Burned with Half-Duplex Capacity Claims around FDD vs. BDD is a specification technique based on user stories and test scenarios. Mainly developers involve in this to write Unit Tests. This is a technique of development that focuses on the behavior that is expected. The specification for true 5G calls for about 1 millisecond, while 4G’s ideal rate is 10ms. 5 GHz band, the uplink peak data rate increases by 18. For UE with 2Tx (transmit channels) in uplink, with the introduction of. An NR FDD cell has been established. Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) is a full-duplex method that uses two different frequencies for transmit and receive operations. Both FDD and TDD are two spectrum usage techniques, both forms of duplex, used in mobile or fixed wireless broadband links. Key Difference Between LTE FDD vs TDD. Developers, QAs and Customers involve in this process. Factors such as the project's size, complexity, domain, and lifecycle; the stakeholders. TDD is the winner in this case. What is Difference between. In FDD, two distinct frequency bands are used, one for transmitting from the base station to the user equipment (downlink) and. 3. One subframe duration is about 1 ms. TDD has a 3 to 6 dB weaker link budget compared to FDD, depending on which radio. Différence entre TDD et FDD. TDD come with many benefits over FDD, but operators have always shown interest in features that target uplink efficiency and coverage because of the frame structure, and the nature of the spectrum unutilized for TDD. View the TI Small cell base station block diagram, product recommendations, reference designs and start designing. Projects in which user is the one who acts, such as: eCommerce sites, various types of apps. FDD stands for Frequency Division Duplex, and TDD stands for Time Division Duplex. Differing from others, FDD modelling is a cross-functional. It uses paired spectrum on continuous basis for both the directions and hence it can achieve higher rates for similar distances as TDD system. TDD focuses on the implementation of a feature. FDD LTE là full duplex, trong khi TDD LTE là half duplex. Scheduling Efficiency: FDD vs. Networks on LTE band 20 (LTE-FDD) are suitable for roaming in ITU Region 1 only. The frequency ranges in which NR can operate are identified as described in TS 38. The SUL link for uplink data transmission is provided by the NR FDD cell, that is, the SUL and NR FDD co-cell. 104-5. So far, TDD has been the most widely used duplexing technique due to. View ABC (7). Transport planners face unprecedented challenges to align upgraded RAN networks with LTE Advanced technologies and 5G. TDD, and what would be the main differences when compared to FDD? The majority of today's 5G deployments below 6 GHz are using TDD frequency bands already today. Software is considered valid if it passes the test cases. • LTE-A also allows CA of TDD and FDD carriers, inter-band TDD CA with different UL-DL configurations, and CA with multiple uplink timing advance values. 2. it is designed for high speed human data connection, and. 1) Even i check the enable statemachine in 0x017 register ,it shows in FDD mode. Agile is really focused on the overall development process, not just how the code gets. The fundamental characteristics of FDD and TDD however also lead to differences: Major Differences between TDD and FDD. 2 Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)LTE is designed to work across a number of frequency bands – E-UTRA operating bands- currently ranging from 450 MHz up to 3. FDMA stands for Frequency Division Multiple Access. For LTE it will be question about the legacy spectrum and possibility to change from FDD to TDD. 1. What is Difference between. Carrier Aggregation (CA) is a technique used in LTE-Advanced to increase the peak data rate (i. In BDD collaboration is required between all the stakeholders. ~5-7dB, mainly due to differences of the transmit power, the TDD carrier frequency link budget and number of12. , FDD 700 MHz Indoor wideband e. 4 and 5. At that time, the world. e. The following illustration shows part of an LTE uplink frame and contains an allocation for each type of uplink channel. difference between FDM and OFDM Difference between SC-FDMA and OFDM Difference between SISO and MIMO Difference between TDD and FDD Difference between 802. See page 8 of UG-570). system (system) Closed May 14, 2022, 1:54pm 3. Let us understand LTE FDD and TDD LTE versions with figures and band example below. TDD and FDD are two topologies by which critical resources time and frequency are shared among mobile subscribers or terminals. FDD LTE is more mature than TDD LTE, but TDD LTE is rapidly catching up. . 5ms duration. ATDD. Resolution 212 (Rev. Two. 11-a,11-b,11-g and 11-n OFDM vs OFDMA CDMA vs GSM. You can modify the driver to use the longer calibration counts in TDD mode (TDD uses a 256 count while FDD uses a 1024 count for VCO cals. RUP: Rational Unified Process. Frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) are two. Some cellular systems use TDD, while others use FDD. our article on Difference between TDD and FDD topologies. FDD in Agile encourages status reporting at all levels, which helps to track progress and results. 3. 11 standards viz. , TDD 28 GHz Outdoor macro and small cell e. • CA provides the basic framework for Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) where LTE is deployed in unlicensed band as a secondary cell Carrier Aggregation LTE-Advanced maximum bandwidthTDD Fig. It provides a wide coverage area because it has a lower frequency. FDD allows teams to update the project. TDD/FDD Ecosystem This one is the significant difference of all. And words are important for communicating your intent. First there is Frequency Range 1 (FR1), which includes sub-6 GHz frequency bands, some of which are traditionally used by previous standards, but has been extended to cover. Two consecutive time slots will form one subframe. Furthermore, the TDD mode, also known as TD-LTE, is designed with coexistence between LTE (TDD) and TD-SCDMA in mind to simplify a gradual migration from TD-SCDMA to LTE. What is Difference between. LTE-M supports both frequency-division duplex (FDD) operation and time-division duplex (TDD) operation. 1 Necessity of FDD. BDD is TDD. The DL and UL transmission in are time division, so to achieve the same edge throughput as LTE FDD, TD-LTE needs to use more RB. The principal difference in ATDD vs. URLLCComprender los sistemas de microondas FDD vs. It tests independent small units or objects to make sure each works as intended. In time-division duplexing (TDD), time rather than frequency is used to separate the transmission and reception of the signals, and thus a single frequency is assigned to a user for both directions. 11a/n/ac/ah family as well as in the emerging 5G. The key difference between LTE TDD, sometimes also known as TD-LTE, and the frequency division duplex (FDD) version more common today is in what spectrum the technology is deployed in. TDD. Developers, QAs and Customers involve in this process. RF and Wireless TerminologiesThe 3 Methodologies (TDD, DDD, and BDD) The promise of better development through a hybrid solution of multiple methods works – but you can’t utilize just any three. TDD == unit testing is where a lot of the confusion comes from, IMO. What is Difference between. Example 01 > TDD FR2 RachConfig = 70, SCS = 120 Khz, Format A3; Example 02 > TDD FR2 RachConfig = 71, SCS = 120 Khz, Format A3. FDD-LTE používá samostatná frekvenční pásma pro uplink a downlink datový přenos, zatímco TDD-LTE používá stejné frekvenční pásmo se střídajícími se časovými. Actually FDD Half-Duplex was discussed even from the initial LTE design, but hasn't gotten much attraction for a long time. ATDD. That may change in the future, though, and technologically FDD systems also benefit from better economies of scale since the implementation of TDD systems is limited. TDD is very focused on how code gets written (and thus tends to be aimed at the work cycles of individual or small groups of developers exclusively). FDD LTE is better for symmetric. 3. TDD directs focus on testing. Disadvantages with TDD. The different 4G LTE frequency allocations or LTE frequency bands are allocated numbers. Time Division Duplex Wireless is a fundamental technology for 5G deployments around the world. In short, the perfect combination is TDD, DDD, and BDD. It is finally time to uncover the mystery between FDD vs. BDD is a good approach to go here. The test is then used to create and refactor code unto the code passes the tests. FDD-LTE offers better coverage than TD-LTE, but the two technologies. , unlicensed 6 GHz mmWave e. Despite the differences in how the two types of LTE handle data transmission, LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD share 90 percent of their core technology, making it possible for the same chipsets and networks to use both versions of LTE. Time-division duplexing (TDD) is a communication method where both the transmitter and receiver use the same frequency band but transmit and receive traffic at different times. T-Mobile is also using more of the mid-band airwaves than others. You can use TDD in DDD. - FDD stand for Frequency division duplexing, It separate in frequency the downstream. The transmit and receive frequencies are separated by a defined frequency offset. 5: 802. It gives continuous attention to technical excellence. 4 MHz up to 20 MHz with Carrier Aggregation allowing use of wider multiples. 6. The whole book is trying to explain it by patterns, workflows, culture and so forth. It is proven technology for voice traffic. TDD, specifically the importance of FDD as a key element in network performance. TDD • Overhead • FDD is continuous downstream, bursted upstream – each burst requires a preamble • TDD is bursted downstream, bursted upstream – difference is two IFGs, plus one downstream preamble – ~2% difference in channel-time overhead » cf. 11-a,11-b,11-g and 11-n OFDM vs OFDMA CDMA vs GSM. Hence, in a given frequency band, the BS communicates with user 1 (U1. ATDD tests are easily read by humans, using business- or user-centric terms in a conventional format, such as now/if/then, as opposed to the functionality focus typical of TDD. FDD LTE Frequency Bands Many chipsets used in modern devices can operate with either FDD or TDD, usually within specific frequency ranges. LTE has radio frame of duration 10ms consisting of 10 subframes. Testing and automation is a significant phase in traditional SDLC and Agile development methodology for software development.